Aqala Kanjani Amasondo

Uma ungabiza ugodo ngesondo, khona-ke umlando wabo ubuyela emuva kuze kufike eNkathini ye-Paleolithic (Inkathi Yetshe), lapho othile ethola ukuthi izinto ezinkulu, ezisindayo kulula ukuzihambisa uma zigingqa ezingodweni.Isondo lokuqala langempela cishe kwakuyisondo lombumbi, elisukela cishe kuma-3500 BC, futhi isondo lokuqala elenzelwe ukuthutha cishe kwakuyisondo lenqola yaseMesophothamiya kusukela cishe ngo-3200 BC.

AmaGibhithe asendulo athola isondo lokuqala eline-spoked, futhi amaGreki alithatha elinye igxathu ngokusungula isondo lohlobo H eline-crossbar.AmaCelt engeza amarimu ensimbi azungeze amasondo cishe ngo-1000 BC Amasondo ayelokhu ekhula futhi eshintsha ngokusetshenziswa okuhlukile kwabaqeqeshi, izinqola, nezinqola, kodwa umklamo ojwayelekile wahlala ufana kakhulu amakhulu eminyaka.

Izikhulumi zocingo zavela ngo-1802, lapho u-GB Bauer ethola ilungelo lobunikazi ku-tension wire speaker eyayingena irimu yesondo futhi ixhunywe kuhabhu.Lezi ziphenduke izinhlobo zezipika ezisetshenziselwa amasondo ebhayisikili.Amathayi we-Rubber pneumatic afika cishe ngo-1845, asungulwa ngu-RW Thompson.U-John Dunlop wathuthukisa amathayi ngokusebenzisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwerabha olunikeza amabhayisikili ukuhamba kahle.

Amasondo Ezimoto Zakuqala

Izazi-mlando eziningi zezimoto ziyavuma ukuthi amasondo ezimoto esimanje aqala ukuvela ngo-1885, lapho uKarl Benz edala amasondo eBenz Patent-Motorwagen.Leyo nqola enamasondo amathathu yayisebenzisa amasondo ensimbi ane-spoked namathayi erabha aqinile ayebukeka njengamasondo ebhayisikili.Amathayi aba ngcono eminyakeni eyalandela, lapho izelamani zakwaMichelin ziqala ukusebenzisa irabha ezimotweni, kwase kuthi uBF Goodrich wengeza ikhabhoni kunjoloba ukuze andise ukuphila kwamasondo emoto.

Ngo-1924, abakhi bamasondo basebenzisa insimbi egoqiwe futhi egxiviziwe ukuze benze amasondo e-steel disc.Lamasondo ayenzima kodwa kulula ukuwakhiqiza nokukhanda.Lapho iFord Model-T iphuma, yasebenzisa amasondo ezikhali zokhuni.I-Ford yashintsha lawa amasondo akhuluma ngensimbi ashiselwe ngo-1926 no-1927.Amathayi enjoloba amhlophe angenakhabhoni kulawa masondo ayehlala kuphela amamayela angu-2,000 futhi ngokuvamile ayehamba amamayela angu-30 noma angu-34 kuphela ngaphambi kokudinga ukulungiswa.Lamathayi ayenamashubhu, futhi ayebhobozwa kalula futhi ngezinye izikhathi ayephuma ezintanjeni zawo.

Ukuvela kwesondo lemoto kwaqhubeka ngo-1934, lapho kuphuma amarimu ensimbi aphakathi nendawo, lapho isondo laliphansi kunemiphetho.Lo mklamo we-drop-center wenze amathayi akhwezwayo abe lula.

Amasondo e-aluminium amadala kunalokho ongase ucabange-izimoto zezemidlalo zakuqala zasebenzisa amasondo e-aluminium.I-Bugatti Type 35 yayinamasondo e-aluminium ngo-1924. Isisindo sawo esilula senza amasondo ajike ngokushesha, kanye nekhono le-aluminium lokuqeda ukushisa okwenzelwe ukubhuleka okungcono.Kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1958, i-Cadillac yanikeza amasondo ensimbi ye-aluminium eyi-hybrid anama-speaks e-aluminium anesitayela se-finlike afakwe emgqeni wensimbi.Lawa ngokuvamile ayefakwe i-chrome plated, kodwa ngo-1956 i-Cadillac yaphuma yonke futhi yanikeza isiphetho esinegolide se-Eldorado yabo.

Ukuvela kwesondo lemoto kusheshise ngeminyaka yama-'50s kanye nama-'60s, njengoba ukusebenza nezimoto zomjaho ziqhubeka nokusebenzisa ingxubevange ye-aluminium-magnesium yamasondo.I-Alfa Romeo yakhipha amasondo e-alloy ku-GTA yayo ngo-1965, futhi i-Ford yethula i-Mustang GT350 ngenketho yamasondo e-Shelby/Cragar anamazwi amahlanu enziwe nge-aluminium ekhonjiwe enomugqa we-chromed.Lezi zazisashiselwe rimu lensimbi, kodwa ngo-1966 iFord yenza isondo elilodwa le-cast-aluminium eline-spoke wheel litholakale.

Amasondo e-Magnesium aluminium alloy (noma amasondo “amag”) enziwe i-Halibrand aba isondo lokuzikhethela emijahweni yezimoto kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-'50s, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile aba ukucaciswa kwezimoto zomgwaqo wase-Shelby.

Ngo-1960, uPontiac walandela ukuhola kwamamodeli e-Panhard kanye ne-Cadillac, esebenzisa isondo elinesikhungo se-aluminium elifakwe emgqeni wensimbi onamantongomane ane-chrome-plated.Lamasondo bekumele asebenzise i-adaptha ehlinzekwe ngumkhiqizi ukuze ilingane nemishini yokulinganisa amasondo yangaleso sikhathi.Amasondo aphinde abe nekepisi elikhulu eliphakathi nendawo elivala amalugi.IPontiac yenza la masondo acwebezelayo atholakala ngo-1968;zazimba eqolo manje seziyivelakancane futhi zifunwa abaqoqi bezimoto.

I-Porsche yangena emhlabeni we-alloy-wheel ngo-1966, lapho benza izinga le-alloy-wheel kuma-911S.I-Porsche iqhubekile nokusebenzisa amasondo e-alloy ku-911 iminyaka eminingi ezinguqulweni ezinosayizi ohlukile futhi yawafaka kumamodeli ayo angama-912, 914, 916, kanye nama-944.Abenzi bezimoto eziwubukhazikhazi nokusebenza kahle baqhubekile nokusebenzisa amasondo engxubevange kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-'60s kuya phambili.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, iCitroën yaze yaphuma nesondo le-resin eliqiniswe ngensimbi.I-Citroën SM esebenzisa lawa masondo e-resin yawina iRally yaseMorocco ngo-1971.

I-Ferrari yakhipha isondo layo lokuqala lengxubevange, inguqulo ye-magnesium yezinguqulo zomgwaqo ze-275 GTB, ngo-1964. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-Chevrolet yethula imodeli ye-Corvette enamasondo e-aluminiyamu e-Kelsey-Hayes e-aluminiyamu ephakathi nendawo, abakwaChevy bayishintsha ngo-1967 ngebhawudi. ezinhlotsheni.Kodwa nge-Corvette C3 ngalowo nyaka, i-Chevrolet yayeka amasondo e-aluminium ahlotshiswe nge-alloy futhi ayizange ikhiphe inguqulo efanayo kuze kube ngo-1976.

Amasondo aba makhulu ngeminyaka yawo-'90s, osayizi abajwayelekile bakhuphuka ukusuka ngaphansi kwamayintshi angu-15 ukuya ngaphezu kwamayintshi angu-17, baze bafinyelela amayintshi angu-22 ngo-1998. ukuduma ngeminyaka yawo-'90s.

Imiklamo yesondo ye-futuristic ihlanganisa "i-tweel," isondo elingenawo umoya, elingenawo umoya elinezipikha, elilungele okwamanje kuphela izimoto zokwakha ezihamba kancane.I-“tweel,” ethuthukiswe ngu-Michelin, inenkinga enkulu yokudlidliza ngaphezu kwamamayela angu-50 ngehora, okwenza kungenzeki ukuthi izosetshenziswa umgwaqo kuze kube yilapho ukuthuthukiswa kuxazulula inkinga yokudlidliza.

Amasondo abizwa ngokuthi “asebenzayo”, nawo athuthukiswa uMichelin, apakisha zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile zemoto, ngisho nenjini, emasondweni ngokwawo.Amasondo asebenzayo awezimoto zikagesi kuphela.

Okungenzeka ukuthi kuzothatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuthi uzithole ugibele "ama-tweels" noma "amasondo asebenzayo."Okwamanje, amasondo akho ensimbi noma ingxubevange azokuthola ukusuka ephuzwini A ukuya ku-B kahle nje.Nakuba eqinile futhi enokwethenjelwa, imiklamo yamanje yamasondo isengalimala ngenxa yemiphetho, imigodi, imigwaqo emibi, nokushayisana.Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ushintshe amasondo akho ukuze ugcine imoto yakho isebenza ngokuphepha ngokuphathwa kahle nokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.IAmasondo eRayoneinikeza amasondo okusebenza okuphezulu kokwenziwa okuningi namamodeli, kusukaAmasondo e-Audiukuze amasondoBMWsfuthiI-Maserati.Siyimboni yamasondo ezimoto e-Top10 e-China, sinolayini wokulingisa, ulayini owenza ukugeleza nolayini obunjiwe onamasondo eqophelo eliphezulu kanye nenkonzo yangokwezifiso.